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KJV = King James Version
IB = Interlinear Bible
The numbers are from Strong's Concordance and the definitions that follow are from Strong's Greek dictionary found in the back of Strong's Concordance. The edition I am using is the 2007. Since Greek is assumed in the New Testament, I have left off the "G" normally found in front of the Strong's numbers. "H" in front of a number means you have to look up that word in the Hebrew dictionary (also found in the back of Strong's Concordance.)
The "Origins Dict." refers to Origins, A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English by Eric Partridge.
The "1828 Dict." refers to the facsimile edition of the 1828 "American Dictionary of the English Language" by Noah Webster.
SH refers to Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures by Mary Baker Eddy.
The "Retranslation," "Notes," and "Thoughts" are my own. Take them or leave them.
Acts Chapter 6
Acts 6:1
In those days, when the number of disciples was multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration. (KJV)
But in those days, the disciples multiplying, a murmuring of the Hellenists toward the Hebrews occurred, because their widows were being overlooked in the daily serving. (IB)
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Retranslation: In that day of illumination (day of Pentecost), the pupils were advanced, filled full by the Spirit, imbued with all knowledge and furnished with all the infinite abundance of God; a godless-causeless pretense, the devil, disguised as the Greek-speaking Jews and gentiles, became unfriendly towards the "Hebrews,"----those that had “crossed over the Jordan” and were translated by the light,--- because their “impassable gulf”* was being disregarded in the Hebrews' luminous, enlightening teaching.
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*See my note below about the meaning of "their widows."
in 1722 en, a primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state), and (by implication) instrumentality (medially or constructively), i.e. a relation of rest (intermediate between 1519 and 1537); “in”, at, on, upon, by, etc. Often used in compounds, with substantially the same import; rarely with verbs of motion, and then not to indicate direction, except (elliptically) by a separate (and different) preposition:-----about, after, against, almost, altogether, among, as, at, before, between, by, here by (+ all means), for (sake, of), give self wholly to, in, herein, into, inwardly, mightily, (because) of, on, upon, -ly (e.g. openly, speedily), outwardly, one, quickly, shortly, that, there, therein, thereon, through, throughout, to, unto, toward, under, when, where, wherewith, while, with, within.
those 5025 tautais, dative feminine plural and tautas, accusative feminine plural forms of 3778; (to or with or by, etc.) these:------hence, that, then, these, those.
3778 houtos, including nominative masculine plural of houtoi, nominative feminine singular, haute, and nominative feminine plural hautai, from the article 3588 and 846; the he (she or it), i.e. this or that (often with article repeated):-----this man, this woman, this same, which, who, he that, he was, hereof, it, she, such as, the same, these, they.
day 2250 hemera, feminine (with 5610 implied) of a derivative of hemai (to sit; akin to the base of 1476) meaning tame, i.e. gentle; day, i.e. (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24-hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the Jews as inclusive of the parts of both extremes); figuratively a period (always defined more less clearly by the context):-----years, time, day time, judgment, for ever, midday, alway, day (by day), age, while.
(See “daily” below for more about “day”.)
disciples 3101 mathetes, from 3129, a learner, i.e. pupil:-----disciple.
3129 manthano, prolonged from a primary verb, another form of which, matheo, is used as an alternate in certain tenses; to learn (in any way):------learn, understand.
multiplying 4129 plethyno, from another form of 4128; to increase (transitive or intransitive):------abound, multiply.
4128 plethos, from 4130: a fullness, i.e. a large number, throng, populace:-----bundle, multitude, company.
4130 pletho, a prolonged form of a primary pleo (which appears only as an alternate in certain tenses and in the reduplication form pimplemi): to “fill” (lit. or fig. [imbue, influence, supply]); specifically to fulfil (time):-----furnish, accomplish, full (come).
arose* 1096 ginomai, a prolonged and middle form of a primary verb; to cause to be (“gen”-erate), i.e. (reflexive) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (lit., fig., intensively, etc.):------be fulfilled, be performed, be wrought, become, befall, be ended, be finished, be found, be ordained, be published, be showed, be taken, be assembled, be brought (to pass), (be) come (to pass), be divided, be kept, be made, be showed, be turned, continue, grow, wax, arise, be, behave self, will, would, use, soon as it was, sound, seem, require, have, draw, God forbid, happen, partake, pass, would, fall, arise.
*See my note at the bottom.
murmuring 1112 gongysmos, from 1111; a grumbling:-----grudging, murmuring.
1111 gongyzo, of uncertain derivation: to grumble:-----murmur.
grumble (Origins Dict.) Old Norse grimmr: apparently a thinning of such forms as ON gramr, an enemy, the devil, Old English gram, Old High German gram, hostile. Perhaps of Germanic origin is grimace, adopted from Old Spanish grimazo, a grimacing countenance, probably from Gothis grima, spectre, terror: of Old English grima, a spectre, also a mask or a visor . . .
enemy (Origin Dict.) L. amor, love; L. amare, to love; L. amicus, friendly; L. inamicus (in, not + friendly) enemy.
terror (Origins Dict.) L. terrere, to cause to tremble.
spectre (1828 Dict. def.): An apparition; the appearance of a person who is dead; a ghost.
mask (1828 Dict. def.): That which disguises; any pretense or subterfuge; a cover for the face; a visor.
Hellenists 1675 Hellenistes, from a derivative of 1672; a Hellenist or Greek-speaking Jew:-----Grecian.
1672 Hellen, from 1671; a Hellen (Grecian) or inhabitant of Hellas; by extension a Greek-speaking person, especially a non-Jew:-----Gentile, Greek.
1671 Hellas, of uncertain affinity: Hellas (or Greece), a country of Europe:----Greece.
against 4314 pros, a strengthened form of 4254; a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e. toward (with the genitive the side of ), i.e. near to; usually with the accusative, the place, time, occasion, or respect, which is the destination of the relation, i.e. whither or for which it is predicated). In compounds it denotes essentially the same applications, namely, motion towards, accession to, or nearness at:------which pertain to, to youward, at thy house, nigh unto, to the end that, toward, unto, with, within, about, against, among, before, between, nigh unto, together, according to, at, to, because of, by, for, that, to, whereby, for intent.
4254 proago, from 4253 and 71; to lead forward (magisterially); instransitively to precede (in place or time [participle previous]):-----bring forth, bring out, go before.
4253 pro, a primary preposition; “fore”, i.e. in front of, prior (figuratively superior) to. In compounds it retains the same meanings:----before, or ever, above, ago.
71 ago, a primary verb: properly to lead; by implication to bring, drive, (reflexive) go, (specifically) pass (time), or (figuratively) induce:----be open, let go, go, lead away, carry, bring, bring forth,
Hebrews 1445 Hebraios, from 1443; a Hebraean (i.e.Hebrew) or Jew:-----Hebrew.
1443 Eber, of Hebrew origin [H5677]; Eber, a patriarch:----Eber.
H5677 eber, the same as H5676; Eber, the name of two patriarchs and four Israelites:-----Eber, Heber.
H5676 eber, from 5674; properly a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; usually meaning the east):-----other side, this side, beyond, from, over, by, against, quarter, passage, straight.
H5674 abar, a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (lit. or fig., transitive or intransitive, intensive or causative); specifically to cover (in copulation):-------alienate, alter, at all, beyond, bring, bring over, bring through, carry over, come, overcome, come on, come over, conduct, conduct over, convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, to, make go, go away, go beyond, go by, go forth, go this way, go in, go on, go over, go through, have away, have more, lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, pass, cause to pass, make to pass, overpass, pass along, pass away, pass beyond, give passage, pass by, passenger, pass on, pass out, pass over, pass through, proclaim, cause to proclaim, make proclamation, perish provoke to anger, put away, rage, raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, shave, cause to sound, make sound, speedily, sweet smelling, take, take away, transgress, make to transgress, transgressor, translate, turn away, wayfaring man, be wrath.
because 3754 hoti, neuter of 3748 as conjecture; demonstrative that (sometimes redundant); causative because:-----how that, in that, for that, why, because, as concerning that, as though, for, how, that, though, why.
3748 hotis, including the feminine hetis, and the neuter, ho ti, from 3739 and 5100; which some, i.e. any that: also (definite) which same:------and they, such as, they that, in that they, whatsoever, whosoever, which, who, they which, whereas ye, they. Compare 3754.
3739 hos, including the feminine he, and neuter ho, probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588); the relative (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that:-----one, other, another, the other, some that, what, which, who, whom, whose, etc. See also 3757
5100 tis, an enclitic indefinite pronoun; some or any person or object:-----a kind of, any man, any thing, any thing at all, certain thing, divers, every man, one thing,he ought, partly, come man, somebody, something, somewhat, thing, that nothing, what, whatsoever, wherewith, whom, whomsoever, whose, whosoever.
widows 5503 chera, feminine of a presumed derivative apparently from the base of 5490 through the idea of deficiency; a widow (as lacking a husband), lit. or fig.:-----widow.
5490 chasma, from a form of an obsolete primary, cheao (to “gape” or “yawn”); a “chasm” or vacancy (impassable interval):----gulf.
overlooked 3865 paratheoreo, from 3844 and 2334; to overlook or disregard:-----neglect.
3844 para, a primary preposition; properly near, i.e. (with genitive) from beside (lit. or fig.), (with dative) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subjectively), (with accusative) to the proximity with (local [especially beyond or oppose to] or causal [on account of]. In compounds it retains the same variety of applications:------contrary to, against, above, among, before, friend, give such things as they, that she had, in the sight of, nigh unto, out of, therefore, with, by, his, in, at, from, fore.
2334theoreo, from a derivative of 2300 (perhaps by addition of 3708);to be a spectator of, i.e. discern (lit., fig. [experience] or intensively [acknowledge]):-----consider, perceive, see, look on, behold. Compare 3700.
2300 theaomai, a prolonged form of a primary verb; to look closely at, i.e. (by implication) to perceive (lit. or fig.); by extension to visit:-----see, look upon, behhold.
Compare 3700.
3700 optanomai ----used an alternate of 3708.
3708 horao; properly to stare at [compare 3700], i.e. (by implication) to discern clearly (physically or mentally); by extension to attend to; by Hebrew to experience; passive to appear:------see, perceive, take heed, behold.
in 1722 en, a primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state), and (by implication) instrumentality (medially or constructively), i.e. a relation of rest (intermediate between 1519 and 1537); “in”, at, on, upon, by, etc. Often used in compounds, with substantially the same import; rarely with verbs of motion, and then not to indicate direction, except (elliptically) by a separate (and different) preposition:-----about, after, against, almost, altogether, among, as, at, before, between, by, here by (+ all means), for (sake, of), give self wholly to, in, herein, into, inwardly, mightily, (because) of, on, upon, -ly (e.g. openly, speedily), outwardly, one, quickly, shortly, that, there, therein, thereon, through, throughout, to, unto, toward, under, when, where, wherewith, while, with, within.
daily 2522 kathemerinos, from 2596 and 2250; quotidian:-----daily.
2596 kata, a primary particle; (preposition) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case [genitive, dative or accusative] with which it is joined). In compounds it retains many of these applications, and frequently denotes opposition, distribution or intensity:------about, according as (to), after, against (when they were) alone, among, and, apart, (even, like) as (concerning, pertaining to, touching), aside, at, before, beyond, by, to the charge of, [charita-]bly, concerning, covered, [dai-] ly, down, every, (+ far more) exceeding, more excellent, for, from ...to, godly, in (divers, every, respect of), inasmuch, into....by, after the manner of, by any means, beyond (out of) measure, mightily, more, natural, of, on (part), upon, out (of every), over against, (+your) own, particularly, so, through, throughout (every), thus, to, unto, together, toward, uttermost, where, whereby, with.
2250 hemera, feminine (with 5610 implied) of a derivative of hemai (to sit; akin to the base of 1476) meaning tame, i.e. gentle; day, i.e. (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24-hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the Jews as inclusive of the parts of both extremes); figuratively a period (always defined more less clearly by the context):-----years, time, day time, judgment, for ever, midday, alway, day (by day), age, while.
quotidian [quotus, in what number + dies, day, daylight]
day (Origins Dict.): L deus (god) has a very close cognate: L. dies, daylight, day, duration of a day. The derivative L. adjective (of deus) dius means three different but very closely related things: divine; of the sky; and luminous. The link between light, day, and the sky, on one hand, and ‘god’ on the other, is a double link semantically in the fact that the luminous sky (the source of daylight) and daylight were apprehended as divine forces and manifestations, also a god is ‘the shining one’; phonetically in the Indo-European root dei-, to shine, be luminous.
service 1248 diakonia, from 1249; attendance (as a servant, etc.); figuratively (eleemosynary) aid, (official) service (especially of the Christian teacher, or technically of the diaconate):-----minister, ministering, ministration, ministry, service, servicing, relief, office, administer.
1249 diakonos, probably from an obsolete diako (to run on errands; compare 1377); an attendant, i.e. (generally) a waiter (at table or in other menial duties); specifically a Christian teacher and pastor (technically a deacon or deaconess):-----deacon, minister, servant.
NOTE: In the above-mentioned translations, the word “widow” is used. What or who are “their widows”? In this verse the Greek-speaking Jews and Gentiles stand-on-the-matter-shore-of-the-Jordan. They know that “the other side of Jordan” is the fulfillment of God’s promise: the Holy Ghost, the experience of the sacred spirituality, the Presence of God where one becomes a Christian, a ray of divine consciousness.
The grumbling, unfriendly ones stand firmly on this shore, looking longing to the “other side.” Not understanding how these simple men transitioned to the other side, they accuse them of false teaching. Why aren’t we translated, too? they wonder. You have failed to minster to our “widows” (impassable gulf of false belief).
NOTE: The above-mentioned translations of Acts 6:1 use the English words “arose” (and “occurred”) to translate “ginomai” (see immediately above). In my retranslation (above), I chose to use the word “cause . . .-less” to more accurately relay to the mind the true meaning. The grumbling devil is a pretense only, not a true cause.
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